As per that Shimano image above my chain does indeed make contact with the inside of the outer chainring when on the inner ring and crossed to the small rear cogs, this is by design according to the Shimano dealer docs. No amount of adjusting is going to fix that.
Yes, particularly on a compact with a larger tooth difference, that's just a fact of life / geometry with 11 speed. once your over half way down the cassette you need to be on the big ring. It doesn't happen the other way with chain on big ring so its only the largest one or two sprockets that will cause rub on the FD cage (even on the inner trim position) , but again if you are onto those sprockets you should be back in the little ring.
Sounds you are down to fine tuning the cable tension. I always start on big ring and small sprocket, click once and then dial in tension so it changes to 2nd smallest, then check and fine tune with 1/4 or 1/8th turn from there, in the middle of the sprocket range, so its slick changing and silent running.
I'm still running 6800 on the best bike, so can't advise on the crankset issue. Maybe
@iluvmybike will pop around to help you with that😘