swansonj
Guru
But it is, I think, plausible that the unsupported hat, being more likely to bend, is then also more likely to crack and split, whereas a supported helmet is less able to bend and therefore more likely to compress?...
Oh, and one more thing. You're right in that a helmet will behave differently when it's worn. Unsupported, it'll bend under an applied load, thereby distributing that load across a greater area. Supported, the skull beneath will prevent much of that bending. Any load will remain a point load. Ideally, you'd have a very stiff but ductile outer shell to distribute any impact loads across more ot the helmet (aluminium would probably make a reasonable job of it). Unfortunately, the polycarbonate that is actually used is far too brittle and lacks stiffness to be effective.
Why do so many helmets split? A naive view would say a point load against the skull should lead to compression not flexing. Is it because they don't fit the head well enough?