I have an enclosed back yard with a tap on the wall and a drain to take away any water so it only takes me a minute to hose the salty crap off my bike after a winter ride. I didn't do that on one occasion and my bike rusted overnight so I do rinse it after every winter ride now!
I don't polish the bike after its rinse. I pick it up and drop it on its wheels a few times to shake off most of the water and wipe off what is left. If it needs lubing, I do that before putting the bike away.
If temperatures have been near freezing, the tap would have been turned off at the supply inside the house and I would use a 5 litre pressurised garden spray instead. (HINT: A handy alternative for those of you who do not have a hose handy where you clean your bike.)