I was new to cycling at the time and inadvertently tried to change to big/big combination which resulted in the chain instantly locking solid. It did not cause any bearings to seize or the rear wheel to lock, it would still freewheel forwards, but the chain would not move in either direction.
sounds right
before chainstay failure, I would have thought
a - the chain would jam or lock-up
or b - the chain would break
or c - the mech cable would snap when trying to force the mech across to the biggest sprocket
or d - the rider would think "ayup, summat not right here" and get off the bike to inspect.
or e - the chain would be so tight the cranks would no longer turn, which is another version of 'a' really.
but that's just my very humble opinion, and I'm not a troll
with a single speed bike it's possible to tension the chain so tight the cranks won't turn, but it doesn't fold the rear triangle up.