So would the helmet absorb say 75% of the impact in a 20mph crash? would the smooth surface of the helmet mean that the head will slide on impact rather than grip and disintegrate. Sorry to say I have no idea. Also are most falls from the bike slow speed one's like forgetting to unclip, or not getting a good footing when stepping off.
All good questions (though not original ones).
Kinetic energy increases with the square of speed, so the energy that needs dissipating in a 20mph collision is approx 3x as much as at 12 mph - and a 50mph collision? Well, let's just say "lots".
We don't have a really good idea what difference the surface makes: there are lots of variables and not many tests.
And I would anticipate that most low-speed falls from the bike are not life-threatening/do not require hospital treatment and thus don't get into the statistics in the first place.
All that said, I find it difficult to see how you'd hit your head as a result of a clipless moment, unless onto the edge of a kerb - if you're falling onto a flat surface from a low speed surely your shoulder or arm will hit the ground first and take most if not all of the impact. But again, this is anecdote and speculation, and not rigorous