My claims here might be seen to some as 'folklore' from a long forgotten era of cycling they would rather forget and sweep under the carpet.
Years ago, I am not afraid to say, it was a necessity of survival to train oneself so one wouldn't get left behind on the hills. I think that is still true today.
Whatever speed the pack were climbing, you needed to be sure you could keep with them.
Road bikes these days have some low gearing. It probably wouldn't get used because if you resigned yourself to the 30 inch 'granny' gears, you will only look up and see the other riders accelerating away up the hill.
The little equation gives a result which represents the gear you should be able to climb a 10% gradient, without getting too knackered and fall off the back when the others get over the crest.
I was instructed to ( at the tender age of fourteen ) – firstly, get to average more than 15 mph over 100 miles, and secondly, climb a 10% on the gear from the equation at 80 cadence.
Surprisingly, the power requirements for both are very similar.
For Newbs - Whatever type of riding you do, these two objectives ( and it might take years to achieve ) are the primary aims in preparation for five or more decades of enjoyable cycling with a club, in Audax, on Sportives, with your children and then with your grandchildren.
My Mom is not with us any more. She last rode her bike when she was 74. She just about got to sixty years of riding since her first ladies tourer in 1946. As you have read previously, the bike had its low gear adjusted to the result of the 'folklore' equation.
In this modern world of super-duper computers, the youngsters want everything proven with numbers. I did, so I worked it all out (with a sliderule ) and had to admit, the bloke in the bike shop was mysteriously 'right on the money', so-to-speak.