Rust (internal not external) is also a wear aggravator of same magnitude as grinding paste from oil and dirt.Somewhere in 'Bicycling Science' there is some information on transmission efficiency and IIRC a dry, rusty chain was still pretty efficient compared to alternatives and while worse than a new chain, it was not substantially worse (I suspect belt drives were not included and it's likely the alternative was shaft drive). Will see if I can find it later.
It's interesting, but I didn't stop lubricating my chain after reading that.
Having said that on my shopping bike the intervals between lubing are often very long- one or two times per year and wear is not a concern I have at all. Trips are short & frequent, often done instead of walking, chain is pretty chunky- likely it will not be replaced in the next five years, longer in all likelihood.
It's mechanically much weaker so it wears off quickly, so it doesn't fill space to prevent chain becoming longer.
I have seen alot rain the past months. It has happened that some rollers showed brown spots. In the past I put oil on these to prevent further rust. That was unneeded - the rust gets worn off after a few km's.
So avoiding rust is as important as avoiding grinding paste.