54 “Helmets for Preventing Head and Facial Injuries in Bicyclists (Cochrane
Review)” D C Thompson et al, Issue 1, 2003
This is a review of the validity and findings of five, previously published, casecontrolled
studies from different countries into the effectiveness of cycle
helmets. The review found that all the studies provided consistent evidence that
wearing an approved cycle helmet significantly reduces the risk of head or brain
injuries in a crash or collision. It concluded that overall, cycle helmets decrease
the risk of head and brain injury by 65% to 88%, and decrease the risk of facial
injury by 65% (but do not protect the lower face or jaw). The review also stated
that helmets are effective for cyclists of all ages and in accidents involving
collisions with motor vehicle as well as those which do not.
It is a feature of Cochrane Reviews that responses to the review from other
researchers are published along with the replies by the original authors. This
review generated several responses that were critical of the review’s findings,
mainly on the following grounds:
- helmets are not designed to protect the brain from rotational injuries, which
are the most serious type
- helmet laws discourage cycling which is one reason for any apparent
reduction in head injuries and also means the health and environmental benefits of cycling are lost
- cyclists who wear helmets feel safe and so cycle in a less cautious manner,
hence increasing their accident risk (risk compensation).
- The authors disagreed with these arguments on the grounds that:
- helmets do protect against the most common types of head and brain injuries, and the research studies prove this
- there is no scientific evidence that mandatory cycle helmet laws discourage
- cycling there is no scientific evidence that cyclist who wear helmets take more risks
http://www.rospa.com/roadsafety/info/cycle_helmets.pdf