Isn't the movement of the RH pedal anticlockwise relative to the crank? So if the pedal axle is at all stiff, wouldn't that apply an anticlockwise force to it, thus unscrewing the conventional right handed thread?
The movement of the pedal is, but the ball bearings are being turned in the opposite direction.
Joe, it doesn't quite work like that. It hasn't anything to do with the direction of the ball bearing.
Precession in threads is quite difficult to describe, but let me try. Let's start with classic precession where the earth and the moon turn around each other, but not around a single axis. If you were to draw the path of the centrepoint of the axis of those two bodies it would be a circle. Compare that to the path of the centrepoint of a wheel turning on an axis, which is just a point.
Now let's move on to the crank and pedal axle. Don't try and visualise the pedal axle as something turning around a point. Instead visualise it as turning around a small circle, as our earth and moon example above. Reason being that your pedaling force has direction which always tries to move the centrepoint of the pedal axle away from the middle of the hole in the crank. Visualise the crank hole being elastic and see what happens - precession.
Make an O with your left hand fingers and stick your right hand forefinger inside the O. Now "rotate" your forefinger and allow the O to stretch so that you can move your forefinger around inside the O. (forget about rotation for now, just enlarge the O and make your forefinger stir the sides of the O as if you are stirring a cup of coffee with a spoon all around the inside of the cup.
Now for the final trick. Imagine your finger is threaded with a nice 1mm metric thread and your left hand's O is also threaded with a 1mm thread, even though the diameter is much larger. Now visualise how the threaded components stirring around each other will react to the thread. Depending on the thread direction and component rotation, it will either want to turn in or out.
Pedals and cranks are designed to always tighten themselves.
Precession is also found in the BB, where the same occurs.
Note that precession will not happen if your crank was powered by multiple pistons, such as found in an aeroplane with a rotary engine. Therefore it has nothing to do with the bearing turning direction.