But what is the magnetic field composed of, and what causes the physical force ?
Magnetic fields use photons, the same as light - it's transmitted by waves.
AFAIK the physical force is a result of the universe wanting to equalise differences in charge, which is about as good an answer as "It's an energy field created by all living things. It surrounds us and penetrates us. It binds the galaxy together. Use the force, Luke"
From watching far too much youtube, there are five fundamental forces that bind matter together in the universe:
- gravity (mass attracting mass by causing space and time to bend (This is what happens when you let mathematicians and physicists get drunk together)
- electromagnetism
- weak nuclear force (something quantum which I steer well clear of out of fear of having my brain scrambled by funny made up words like "quark" and "muon" and animal cruelty involving placing bets on radioactive cats)
- strong nuclear force (the attractive force that keeps the subatomic particles in atoms together)
- the US military when it learns of a country with oil