I'm sure that I will work it out in the end, but it is a pain having to mess about to do something so basic!
Ha - I have
finally managed to make the connection. After a lot of Googling I found somebody suggesting installing various Android .apk files on the phone, one at a time, until one of them worked!
These files were to be found in the HTC Sync Manager folder on the laptop. Unfortunately, I couldn't just transfer them directly to the phone over the USB lead because that was the thing that wasn't connecting properly!
I took an alternative route - I zipped the files up, transferred them to OneDrive (because the zip file was too big to email), then emailed myself a link to the cloud file.
I went onto the phone, accessed the cloud file, and tried installing the .apk files but most of them
wouldn't install. I found that the one labelled 7
DID install, but... didn't work!
I thought I'd give Win 10 the chance to untwist its knickers, so I rebooted the laptop, reattached the USB cable to the phone and... it connected!
I did what I have been trying to do, which was to update my prototype games app on the phone and can now do some testing.
I'm hoping that the phone will connect reliably in future so I don't have to do this every time! Yes - damn technology...