When I hear a bell it usually startles me, and when I turn my head suddenly I lose my balance and stagger sideways, possibly into the path of the bike. That's one reason why I tend to only ride on cycle paths as a last resort.
I hate bells, to me they give off the feeling of entitlement, "Oi you I'm ringing my bell get out of my way" I slow then ask, but then people still jump when I ask as they have no idea I'm behind them.
This. I don't have a bell, I usually find that letting my brake levers click is a more subtle option, and then "excuse me" if that doesn't work.
Extended dog leads are the devils work.
On a quiet country lane, I came round a blind bend to see a pedestrian walking toward me on my side of the road. He looked alarmed, and then jumped headlong out into the road across in front of me. When I looked behind, there was a dog on the far side of the road, with an extending dog lead stretched across from one side of the road to the other.