BentMikey: That is an interesting point. You are probably correct to say that as helmets are not compulsory in the UK then the evidence as to how much, if at all, they protect cyclists may not be available. (However, there may well be evidence from other countries/states that have introduced compulsion.) On a slightly different subject it has been proven that the introduction of seatbelt compulsion in the UK led to a reduction in injuries for people in vehicles involved in an RTC.
Therefore, depending on the evidence available, you could possibly be right to say that people who wear a helmet are putting their faith in the fact that it may help them if they are involved in a particular sort of crash/accident. Possibly people such as frazerlaing, I expect.
If you want, you could take a look at this case-study done in the USA:
http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content...te=1/1/1988&tdate=10/31/1990&journalcode=nejm which shows, amongst other things, that people wearing helmets had an "88% reduction in their risk of brain injury". Read it carefully though because I've only shown a very brief quote from the study.
Chris James: Just a response to the "Instead they did no exercise at all and increased their risk of heart disease and strokes. So the nett risk of death to the population actually increased" comment in your post.
I presume you know that people gave up cycling, then did no alternative exercise and were then more likely to die from the lack of exercise. I think that is what your comment is suggesting.
Cunobelin: I think I would like to see a review of the standards of helmet testing to enable cyclists to have greater faith in the helmets they are wearing. By the way, the BHSI website looks to be quite informative.