I'm an architect. I know a lot about insulation, and the Building Regulations. I also know that Persimmon just paid their CEO a
100 million pound annual bonus. (Yes, read that again!). I would immediately threaten them with court, Trading Standards, and the local press. It is utterly unforgiveable for the insulation to be left out entirely. It is completely contra to the Building Regulations. Find out from them who was the building inspector for your property, and threaten them with court as well. Note that NHBC is NOT an Approved Inspector. Their own inspections are to ensure compliance with their own standards, not with the Building Regulations.
Frankly, I would ask for a new house, for compensation for the discomfort you've suffered and for the excess bills you have had to pay to keep warm, and failing a new house then free accommodation plus expenses and compensation whilst the job is brought up to standard. Depending on the construction type, it may not be possible to retro-fit insulation to the walls in such a way as to bring it into compliance, and a total rebuild would then be necessary. Yes, the entire house, in some circumstances, may have to be demolished.
Damn, this sort of thing makes my blood boil.