Brakes are, in the UK, the way they are, so that it is safer when turning right and making a hand signal at the same time.
Applying the rear brake with the left hand, will slow you down and steady you. If it were the front brake on the left, it would be easy to apply too much force and go over the bars! (Don't ask me how I know). On the continent, the brakes are the other way, for exactly the same reason.
Riders of fixed gear bikes, with only a single front brake, however, would traditionally have the front brake on the left. Back pressure on the pedals will slow you down and when signalling right, still have access to a brake lever with the left hand.