https://www.nature.com/articles/s41569-020-0354-3
[We don't know. Emboldening mine, and I'm an endurance athlete and exceeded the "usual" (aka conservative, not too much that people will be deterred from attempting) most my adult years, including recently.]
Abstract
Regular aerobic physical exercise of moderate intensity is undeniably associated with improved health and increased longevity, with some studies suggesting that more is better. Endurance athletes exceed the usual recommendations for exercise by 15-fold to 20-fold. The need to sustain a large cardiac output for prolonged periods is associated with a 10–20% increase in left and right ventricular size and a substantial increase in left ventricular mass. A large proportion of endurance athletes have raised levels of cardiac biomarkers (troponins and B-type natriuretic peptide) and cardiac dysfunction for 24–48 h after events, but what is the relevance of these findings? In the longer term, some endurance athletes have an increased prevalence of coronary artery disease, myocardial fibrosis and arrhythmias. The inherent association between these ‘maladaptations’ and sudden cardiac death in the general population
raises the question of whether endurance exercise could be detrimental for some individuals. However, despite
speculation that these abnormalities confer an increased risk of future adverse events, elite endurance athletes have an increased life expectancy compared with the general population.
Key points
- Regular, moderate, aerobic physical exercise reduces cardiovascular and all-cause morbidity and mortality.
- Endurance exercise imposes huge demands on the cardiovascular system and, therefore, endurance athletes develop profound adaptations to exercise.
- Sinus bradycardia, large QRS voltages, modest increases in left and right ventricular cavity size and high peak oxygen consumption are well-recognized features of an endurance athlete’s heart.
- Some lifelong endurance athletes have an increased prevalence of high coronary artery calcium scores, myocardial fibrosis, right ventricular dysfunction, atrial fibrillation and sinus node disease compared with healthy non-athletes, with unknown consequences.
- Long-term outcome data and information from studies identifying the concurrent factors that predispose healthy endurance athletes to developing these abnormalities are needed.
https://www.outsideonline.com/healt...ndurance-athletes-heart-health-research-2021/
https://www.bhf.org.uk/what-we-do/n...t-largest-artery-differently-in-men-and-women
Professor James Leiper (BHF Associate Medical Director) commented:
"For athletes who train in endurance exercise, their hearts must work harder to pump blood around the body – and research has shown that in
some cases, this can cause
changes to the heart.
“This new finding shows the impact this
could also have on the main blood vessel in the body and how this differs between men and women.
Further research will now be needed to determine the cause of vascular stiffening in male athletes and to assess the impact this might have on other areas of the cardiovascular system before we can make a fully rounded conclusion.
“It is important to note that
exercise is proven to reduce the risk of heart and circulatory diseases, helping to control weight and lower both blood pressure and cholesterol. Its
benefits far outweigh any potential risks, so the
general advice remains to continue moderate intensity exercise regularly.” [NB No advice (because no evidence) of whether to discontinue high intensity exercise, so get out on those spring hill climbs!]
Bike clean and prepped; weather good; tyres pumped: have a great weekend's riding.