You don't need a hose or a spray, in fact in the wrong hands they can be very damaging to a bike if the water gets sprayed at the bearings.
Fill a bucket full of hot water with detergent, preferably car shampoo. Get a hand dustpan brush with soft long nylon bristles and wash the bike with that; the bristles will get into all the nooks and crannies without scratching. If you have a special cassettte cleaning brush, hold that against the cassette while rotating the chain. Wash the chain and transmission thoroughly with hot soapy water then dry the chain by pulling it through a micro-fibre cloth, then re-lube the next day.
Wash the wheel rims well to remove the grey brake paste and pull the damp micro-fibre cloth behind the brake blocks to remove the paste and grit.
You can finish off with a gentle spray of fresh water but don't aim the water at any bearings.
Dustpans and brushes are just about the cheapest household items you can buy, they usually come with a dustpan to match. After a while the brristles will become tangled so just buy another one and recycle the old.