One thing I'm not clear about from the rules excerpt and I don't have time to dig through the definitions to understand is: does a "Filing Failure" or "Missed Test" count as a "decision" that can be appealed to NADP (what's that?) or CAS, or is only a ban a "decision"?
As per Article 2, the athlete may request an "administrative review" of each Whereabouts Failure. You would
assume such a request was made by Armitstead or her representatives after the first missed test, but the independent reviewer apparently decided in UKAD's favour and the Whereabouts Failure was thus recorded against her. Or maybe she didn't request the review, imagining that she wouldn't be so careless as to miss two subsequent tests within the following 12 months.
This is not the same as an appeal to CAS, which, if I've understood correctly, can only be made after a formal charge of a doping violation (ie after the third missed test, not after the first one, since one missed test does not in itself constitute a doping violation, hence there is nothing to appeal against).
I hope she is sincere in her statement that she wants to work with UKAD to find ways to avoid such miscommunications in future. It would be in the interests of both the athlete and the anti-doping authorities to prevent these situations arising, which are embarrassing for both sides. If the 20th August 2015 test had gone off as planned, we would still be none the wiser to the subsequent missed tests. I've seen a lot of ignorant foaming and frothing on facebook about this, suggesting a "cover up" to prevent the missed tests being reported in the media before today. The UKAD rules make very clear they will not publish details of doping charges before the final outcome is known. As has been discussed earlier, those of us who follow pro cycling regularly will be well aware of the late withdrawals from races due to mysterious "illness" that happen all the time, and may draw inferences from them - as we might have done from Armitstead's late withdrawal from La Course - but it seems only fair to me that any suggestions of wrongdoing should be kept out of the public spotlight until a formal charge is confirmed because of the serious damage they can do to an athlete's reputation. Individual missed tests must be fairly common.