I know that it's easy enough to punch a jagged hole through fibre/resin composite materials if you whack them hard with a steel hammer. The structure fails. Apply the same impact to a steel or ali sheet material and you put a dent into it and stretch it, but it doesn't crack.
So you are just guessing.
The answer to your theory is not necessarily. If you hit any structure in the wrong plane it can break. I can show you some pics of failed tool steel and aluminium that has cracked when a significant force has been applied.
Carbon can be immensely strong, if it is designed and built that way, hence the reason it is used in aircraft, F1 racing etc.
My bike has proved your theory wrong. Compare with the steel bike the OP has posted. It looks like a force applied from the front, hence the bent forks, and I would guess damage to the frame that you cannot see. My carbon frame and forks had a huge head on impact and it is perfectly fine.