Disc brakes don't allow you to brake harder. The maximum stopping deceleration you can achieve on a standard safety bike (i.e. all our bikes) is about 0.6G and that is very adequately achieved with coaster or rim brakes. The limiting factor is NOT the force the brake can apply but the overturning moment of the bike IN other words, the front wheel cannot lock up (n dry asphalt) because the bike will endo before the wheel locks up. We see evidence of that on motorcycles too, where a skilled rider can do a stoppie. If the wheel could lock up, you won't be able to do a stoppie. The back wheel easily locks up with any type of brake as you all know. All a disc adds to the rear is better heat dissipation on long descends and more predictable modulation. Note that increased brake force is actually a very negative thing to have on a rear brake.
A disc brake improves wet weather braking up to a point where traction becomes the limiting factor.
On dry asphalt the tyre is never the weakest link, overturning momentum is.
Spoke strength is more than adequate. At maximu deceleration of 0.6G, spoke tension in a 32-spoke front wheel increases by about 5%. The overall tension remains constant because only very second spoke increases tension. The other spokes all lose tension. IN other words, the trailing spokes gain 5% tension and the pushing spokes lose 5% tension. The wheel sees no increase in tension. The 5% - and that is at maximum - is far, far more than the margin in the spoke's tensile strength. Besides, mountain bikes have been using disc brakes for decades, no-one mentions that?
Hydraulic disc brakes will be the default choice for high-end bikes very shortly. Cable-disc brakes are a very poor choice because the cables are long and full of friction and the experience is awful. Hydraulic is like butter and stays that way through the bike's life.
Discs require a bit more maintenance, care and expertise, but that will come with time.
Shimano may be pushing the trend, but the Shimano solution is very, very good. The calipers are superb, the oil (rather than DOT fluid) makes bleeding a cinch and the small 140mm Freeza discs work like a charm, even with extreme brake dragging down a pass.
My next bike will have hydraulic discs.... Di2 can wait.