It set space exploration back by at least 35 years, more if you include the R&D time.
It looked iconic but it was a failure in pretty much every category one chooses to examine it.
It was emphatically not a technological marvel or the pinnacle of technology - it was a massive backwards step, a 122-foot white elephant, a perfect monument to hubris.
Indeed, the only marvellous thing about it was that it was so unbalanced that it required incredible engineering to make the damn thing fly at all.
Project brief: a cheap, reusable launch vehicle that could take large payloads into LEO with a landing/launch turnaround in a week.
Reality: hideously expensive, very dangerous (even by spaceflight standards) riddled with engineering problems that did not affect conventional launch vehicles, that took at least 2-3 months to refit after a single mission, with additional massive delays when the heatshield tiles needed replacing every few missions, or when the entire fleet was grounded for years after the Challenger and Columbia disasters.
The Shuttle was originally intended to be just one part of a much larger program called the Space Transportation System (STS) that was intended to bring large payloads to the Moon and Mars with a view to making missions there much easier, faster, cheaper and safer.
Nixon came along and nixed most of the program, leaving them with what we came to know as the Shuttle and its vestigial STS designation, leaving the entire program looking rather pointless.
Now onto stats:
- It cost $450 million for a single launch, which is ~8-10 times more than a conventional rocket launching similar payloads (and ~50-70 times more than was originally claimed for the project)
- 2 of the Shuttles failed catastrophically, representing 40% of the space-rated Shuttles and 1.54% of all Shuttle launches.
Running the Shuttle program was so expensive that it caused NASA to be run into the ground, to the point where the organisation that safely sent humans to the moon and back six times haven't had the capability to launch any manned vehicles in the 9 years since the program was shut down.