Has it ever been disputed that a Thudguard may prevent an head injury in a toddler?
Not by me.
However do forgive me, I thought this was discussion about cycle helmets.
You've raised this bizarre red herring about Thudguards and toddlers in more threads than I care to remember and I still don't understand your point.
Maybe you could debate it on some child protection forum and stop boring us with it.
As I indicated upthread if there was helmet on the market that I thought was going to have any realistic value in protecting my bonce I'd buy it and wear it.
Part of my work is in international committees that write technical standards in another safety-critical sphere, so I know how to read a standard, and have enough engineering knowledge to relate it to cycle helmet standards and their ability to protect against the kind of off I'm likely to have on the road (or indeed off-road). To cut a very long story short cycle helmets are designed and tested to provide adequate energy absorbtion in low speed impacts..... so my own personal "risk-assessment" has me wearing a helmet on the MTB but not on the road.
Now before someone comes along and says the people who write the standards are industry insiders with a vested interest in keeping the standards weak...that is just not how standards get written. Yes you'll get a panel of senior engineers from competing companies together in one room, but to suggest they collude to keep standards weak? Forget it, it doesn't happen. I'm quite sure that if Bell or Specialized or Giro or MET suddenly came up with some new technology that gave us hugely more energy absorbtion with the same levels of ventilation as current high end helmets, you'd find them copying each other and writing tougher tests into the standards within a couple of years, so as to keep new entrants out of the market if they could.