I use a proprietary chain cleaner device and citrus cleaner for the chain. It ends up black but that's prolly 99% dirt. There's very little to throw away when the job is done, so use a gallon plastic bottle to tip the waste in. (Not a plastic milk bottle because they are very thin and can easily crack.) It will probably take years to fill the bottle. Then take it to a place that collects waste oils etc.
I use White Lightning grease on the wheel bearings, and it's silicone so citrus cleaners won't touch it. Gasoline works, but that's not the best solution because you've still got to get rid of it. I clean the races with paper shop rags and throw them in the trash. Then install new ball bearings. Our trash goes to a trash-to-electricity plant.
Oil? I put a teeny drop on moving parts such as V brake pivots. That's not worth even considering.
It's good to be concerned about the environment but bikes are already pretty environmentally friendly.