Right, well following up some useful leads posted by respondents to this thread (thanks), and researching the ranges offered by the various suggested manufacturers, I've come up with the answers I need.
Of course, the key thing here is to look at the material weights. Typical 'regular' long-sleeve base layers seem to be constructed from material that is up to about 200g/sqm. Most 'heavier' weight winter base layers appear to be around the 240-260g/sqm mark, and are basically 'midweight'. Icebreaker's warmest is 260g/sqm, and my Assos winter base must be similar or a bit lighter.
Heavyweight base layers, which is what I'm after, are a lot thinner (!) on the ground, but obviously they do exist. The frontrunner cycling-specific model must be the hooded Rapha Deep Winter Base Layer, which is pretty hefty at 340g/sqm on the hood, chest and arms and 240g/sqm on the lower body and back; this compares with the relatively light weight of Rapha's standard Winter Base Layer (195g/sqm).
At £120 for the Rapha Deep Winter, though, I'll be waiting for a sale I think......and besides, they don't have much (any) stock in the M-L sizes at present.
Interestingly, Brynje, whose 140g/sqm Super Thermo Base Layer numbnuts linked to, do an Arctic Base Layer which is 360g/sqm all over. Designed for mountaineers, polar use and the military, it may not be an ideal cut for cycling, but what I'm after is thickness and warmth, which it appears to offer in no small measure.
Excellent - the quest to keep the upper-body clothing to two layers when sub-zero commuting is a goer!