When working out dérailleur and shifter compatibility, there is one important property: the pull ratio. That is, how far sideways will the mech move for a given amount of pull on the cable.
Apart from a few odd bits of Dura Ace, Shimano pull ratio has been the same ever since 7 speed. That means virtually anything is compatible with anything (although if you try using a 7 speed mech on your latest 10 speed Ultegra, the shifting may suffer due to quality issues with the mech). Between 8, 9 and 10 speed, the sprockets on the cassette have indeed got closer together, but that's been achieved by making the shifters pull less cable, not by adjusting the pull ratio of the mechs.
Campag is a different story - they seem to change the ratio of everything every couple of years. However, most Shimano has been compatible with most other Shimano since back close to the dawn of indexing.