A fatter tyre can be run a little softer without increasing the risk of snakebite punctures.
The softer tyre gets you a little more comfort, and less rolling resistance on rough roads (think coarse chippings), but a little more rolling resistance on smooth roads (fresh rolled tarmac).
A fatter tyre has less rolling resistance at the same pressure than a narrower one, but more aerodynamic drag.
The only speed difference that can get noticeable is the rough road difference.
I generally use 28mm tyres (nominal), which I can run at 85-95psi