All this can be prevented by greasing the taper before fitting the crank and torqueing it to the correct setting first time. A greased taper settles into its preferred position immediately upon installation rather than gradually. An ultra-small amount of grease is all that's necessary, even just greasy fingers handling the BB is enough to make it fit perfectly.
The grease aspect of the above advice is actually quite controversial, mainly because most modern greases contain stuff which is accused of interfering with formation of the taper-crank joint.
The torque bit probably isn't. For most square-taper axles, it'll be in the region of 40 N m and beyond the range of many cycling torque wrenches. You can use a garage torque wrench but you may need a special thin socket to fit in the crank - the "other" end of some square-taper crank pullers is such a socket and removing the puller end (dark in the pic below) presents a 16mm (I think) nut that you can get a spark-plug socket over.
Or you can use a 1/2" to 3/8" drive adapter (about £2 from DIY barns) and then I think many 3/8" drive 14mm sockets will fit in.
Going back to the original stuff: for rides of less than 50 miles from home, I tend to deal with failures when they happen. When the rear gear cable snapped, I used the limit screws to pick a gear good enough to get home. For longer trips, I carry a spare cable or for bigger things, find a shop.