I am no expert - so just providing food for thought.
Increased muscular pain when cycling at a high cadence may suggest overstretching of the muscle (i.e. the muscle is too tight). Reasons I can think for this happening - you don't stretch enough, you drop your hip whilst cycling (i.e. one hip shuffles forwards a bit so you are not sitting square on the saddle), or you have an imbalance, possibly in leg length (history of broken limbs?.
Whilst pursuing professional assistance I would also consider:
1 - making sure you sit square on the saddle
2 - stretch stretch stretch, especially those hamstring. Touching your toes should be easy.
3 - photograph your legs whilst standing naturally and wearing cycling shorts and compare height of hip bones, knees and check for anything offset.
4 - get your saddle position sorted, consider a bike fit.