jimboalee said:
Saturated fat – single chain hydrocarbon solid at room temperature. Eg Lard.
Poly saturated fat – Blend of hydrocarbons solid at room temperature. Eg Margarine.
Mono unsaturaded – Single chain hydrocarbon attached to a Methyl, liquid at room temperature. Eg Seed oils, Olive oils.
Poly unsaturated – Double chain HC & Methyl, liquid at room temperature. Eg Fish oil.
Simple Carbs – C6H12O6, Glycagon, Glycogen, starch, cellulose sugars etc.
Complex Carbs – Multiple chain Carbohydrates. Whole grains.
Really complex Carbs – Holley Street Avenger.
Oh god...
OK, fats and Carbs 101.
"Fats or oils" as we know then are made up of 2 connected bits, a fatty acid chain joined to a glycerol molecule. The glycerol molecule may have 1, 2 or 3 fatty acid chains attached making-up either mono, do or tri-glycerides. arguably a monoglyceride is a straight hydrocarbon chain but all the rest are branched. The fatty acids chains may be as short as 4 carbon atoms long (common in butter) up to 22 (more common in fish-oils) generally.
If the fatty acid chain has it's full compliment of Hydrogen atoms then it is called "Saturated", Beef fat, FULLY Hydrogenated fats it can however and have a double bond between carbon atoms in its chain and thius is said to be unsaturated or Mono-unsaturated if 1 double bond. 2 or more Double bonds in the chain are Poly-unsaturated. Olive Oil, nut oils, bird fats even lard have significant mono-unsaturates, sunflower and rape et al are polyunsaturated, Fish oils are highly unsaturated.
More unsaturation, less stability. Unsaturated fats can be hardened by Hydrogenation which removes the double bond making the chains more saturated. (BTW, point of order here FULLY HYDROGENATED FATS DO NOT CONTAIN TRANS_FATS, only PARTIALLY HYDROGENATED)... Sorry.
Now, with me so far, remember the Tri-glyceride, this is the most natural form of fat 1 glcerol + 3 fatty acids. The fatty acids can be a mix of saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated, It's a complex business. You can also harden a fat by mixing the fatty acid chains around, stick 'em all onto a glycerol backbone and remove all the unsaturated ones and hey presto, hard fat!
Ok enough about fats.
Carbs.
Carbs are either simple sugars, "simple polymers" of simple sugars or Complex polymers of simple sugars.
Simple sugars; Glucose/Dextrose, Sucrose, lactose, Fructose, Maltose
Simple Polymers; Poly-dextrose, Maltodextrin, simple starches, Glycogen
Complex Carbs; Some starches, Cellulose (damned indigestible but simply structured), fibres, gums, Algins, Lignins/woody tissues etc.
Glucose is interesting, in shorts simple chain linked we get simple starches (Plant energy store) and Glycogen (Animal energy store) these are relatively easily broken down and have a rapid energy release. Join Glucose molecules another way and you get almost indistructable Cellulose. Other plant fibre material can be a bit starch and a bit cellulose-like and can be termed resistant starches 'cos they're almost impossible to break down.