How much cycling experience do you need before you can be safe and secure on SPDs ?
For many club riders, they have a lifetime of riding experience, starting at 4 or 5 and riding until they are in their mid-teens before transitioning to SPD.
The OP has one year of riding, which, as an adult is not a lot. Experienced riders have developed an autopilot to cope with all manner of conditions, slippery paint, wet leaves, camber, potholes, pneumatic hose, car doors, cars nosing out, and all the usual dangers. This leaves more of the brain's limitted attention to focus on transitioning to SPD. When fairly new riders try the same, they get overwhelmed by hazard recognition and forget to unclip appropriately.
You can improve security on platform pedals using mini clips, which don't affect dismounts.
Toe clips are still a valid option for everyday riding, but don't use "performance mode", ie tight straps. Keep the straps lose and your feet just slip out with no action.
SPD are best for performance riding if you can work them under stress.