Thanks for all the prompt replies.
The tyre is a Michelin Pro4 Endurance. New in November 2020, so hasn't had much use. It was fine when I got on the bike after visiting Marks & Spencers, so something attacked it between M&S and the Trans Pennine Trail. That will teach me to go the long way round on a bike path, rather than the main road which I use 99% of the time.
I will order a new tyre to replace it. I've never actually thrown out any tyres. I have a stash of bad ones in the garage which I keep around just in case they'll be handy for some other purpose.
The orange bit in the photo is actually a puncture repair patch. I stuck some materials in the tyre in an attempt to reinforce it. It did get me home OK, but I didn't really trust it for anything else.