Scratch. v., noun. Score surface or make long narrow superficial wounds in with nails, claws or other pointed thing(s)
Now for the cited source's reference to bearing scratch:
View attachment 348666
Please point to the scratches. What's shown there is flaking. Flaking is a well-known bearing ball problem stemming from the problem that the surface of the bearing ball is harder than the core. With overload, the deflection causes cracks just under the surface and bits flake off. I don't care about their semantics or about the authenticity of the source. The only thing that can scratch a bearing ball or race is something harder than the ball that's drawn across the surface of the ball/race and leaves a mark. That doesn't happen in bearings unless someone throws some carbide in there.
Bearing failures are well understood and misnomers like scratching don't change the facts.
Ditto for chip: definition, cut or break off edge.
Bearings are hard and striking them with a hard tool does produce chipping. However, in the context of a BB bearing inside a BB, chipping does not happen, nevermind by the said "radial compression". Bearing overload such as described causes galling. This form of bearing failure is easily identified as a combination of smearing and/or flaking.
Don't believe everything Google spews out. I can Google astrology for you if you like.