you did explain one way it might be possible, its important for people to realise it is not certain.
So in short, a helmet may scratch which will protect the head from scratching and in other cases the helmet may scratch when the head wouldn't have scratched. In both cases the head didnt scratch so it confirms the helmet has done its job (as far as stopping scratches)
Barmy. In the second case the helmet hasn't stopped anything at all.