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I'm going to venture a sensible, possibly even useful, answer.
Last time I took apart a headset with un-caged bearings, it had, I think, 25 in each race (top and bottom). It was a 1" threaded headset.
That is my experience as well but there are oddities. My pre-war Elswick take about a billion 1/8" bearings top and bottom and my early 70s Pug uses 22.
23 top and 23 bottom, after I had hunted down every one of the little blighters, as I was expecting a caged setup.
I dare say 50 would squeeze in, but I don't suppose that's such a good idea. So I just reassembled the thing as I found it, not having a fresh set of bearings anyway.
Thanks everyone! Looks like I'll need 22-25 for my 1" headset. I also need to do a 1 1/8" headset, but that one can wait for a while as the 1" headset is the priority at the moment.
I disassembled and replaced the cartridge bearings with caged ballbearings in my integrated headset due to indexing in the ball race, and the lower-lower ball race being corroded to the crown race. I think I got 32 in. It wouldn't fit a whole number so it was an easy decision. I find you need at least 3 extra (see Cunelobin's post above).
Svendo, can you confirm if your headset was 1" or 1 1/8"? Maybe that explains why you needed more than everyone else.