If, as i said and as
@smutchin has said, you assume that rolling resistance/friction is negligible compared to air resistance, then yes, it really is as simple as 1 mph tailwind = 1 mph extra ground speed. In that scenario, I don't think you need to know the drag corefficient etc - whatever speed his power output, frontal area, and drag coefficient result in for still air, it's 1 mph high with a 1 mph tailwind. I would guess that at 30 mph with a highly aerodynamic bike, air resistance is dominant but not totally dominant, so in practice 1 mph tailwind may only be 0.8 or something extra ground speed, but still worth having.
That all breaks down when air resistance ceases to be dominant. If you have a 20 mph tailwind and you are cycling at 20 mph ground speed, then you are cycling at the same speed as the air and, to a first approximation, there is no air resistance (only to a first approximation, because there's still relative motion where the wheels rotate and your legs move). Then the situation is reversed and your speed is determined entirely (to that first approximation) by rolling resistance/friction and not at all by aerodynamics.