There's only so much you can do on the ride, preparation is the thing.
I did an audax a few weeks ago, after 8 weeks off the bike, and 24 hours after a 24 hour flight. In fact, the only reason I did the ride was jet lagged woke me at 4am. At 180km I bonked so badly that I was literally throwing up. There's no food or drink I could have had on the ride I to prevent that. The only thing would have been in the weeks preceding the ride.
Obviously your situation was not as clear cut as that, but bonking can be from pushing your body farther than it is ready to go, and not necessarily food on the ride.