I started out with a road bike, because I wanted to join a cycling club and ride regular 60 mile weekend jobbies. In reality, I never really managed to get into the swing of it, so I ended up doing mostly commuting miles on it, and the odd solo fitness/leisure ride. The road bike had poor clearance for mudguards and no eyelets for panniers, so it was a bit of a faff at times and I was stuck with a backpack on the commute, I soon realised I needed something more setup for the daily commute.
My next bike was a touring frame, which was much more suited to wet riding and the commute with disc brakes, mudguards and pannier racks, but it was heavy, and didn't handle so well off road (not to mention, the fit was a bit small), so I opted for Surly's Straggler.
https://surlybikes.com/bikes/straggler
In my mind, it's the perfect do it all bike. But, that's only in my mind, because it ticks the boxes of what I want to do with it. If you can only ride one bike, make sure it does what you need for most of the type of riding you do. Most bikes can be versatile, but you'll sacrifice some performance and efficiency to obtain that versatility. Having multiple bikes dedicated to the disciplines you enjoy most is the best solution, but it cost more to own and maintain multiple bikes, and takes more space in the shed/garage etc.