I will put my two pence in, I don't understand why your wanting the 52-53 change, I would possible change both front to 38/50 drop the FD down to the correct height as the 50th is smaller than the 52th, this will have the overall effect of lower the entire gearing, for example
your current 52/39 12/23 has a range of 45-115" (on a standard road bike) the 50/38 would change this to 44-110 most RD will go to at least 27th in medium cage (GS) your 12-25 cassette would then give you a range of 40-110" and if your RD can cope with it you could go to 28 (this depends what your current set up is) which would give you an 11 or 12 to 28 rear and a front of 38/50 (38 as it sounds like a standard chainset and you can't fit smaller than 38th to a standard) the gear would then be as low as 36", though as you have a 12-23 cassette chances are it may be a a short cage (SS) RD.
The choice after this is almost infinite only dictated by the choice of cassettes and cost (though need not be expensive)
I ride a triple 28/38/50 with a 10sp 12-23 a range of 32-110" (I can at a pinch fit a 26 inner and a 12-27 rear to give 25-110" though I don't like it much) and it is rare for me to use the inner ring (not usually the hills round here) so my normal range is 44-110" my chainset cost about £70.
Hope this helps