Sorry,
@mmmmartin, I've not been paying attention.
It is not surprising that, even twenty-five years after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the history of Lenin and the Bolsheviks remains hotly contested. The plaque you spotted in Tavistock Place was only erected in 2012 by the Marchmont (Square) Association. Immediately, some people resigned from the association and some locals objected. This was a faint echo of the enormous row over the Lubetkin bust of Lenin commissioned by Finsbury Council and displayed publicly at the height of British-Soviet friendship during the Second World War. As soon as the war finished, the council regularly debated its position and it was moved many times. It is now in Islington Museum where it has pride of place!
During the Cold War, ideologues on both sides stressed their own versions of October 1917 and so did academic university historians. History teachers in secondary schools also got hot under the collar about the topic and whether you called it a popular revolution or a coup d'état was of immense importance. Of course this trickled down into asides about the calendar change (the anniversary of October was held in November) and even what name and initials to use for the Bolshevik leader.
I'd suggest that it's worth looking at how he termed himself on the occasions he was living in London:
When he first arrived in April 1902 he was best known in revolutionary circles as the author of
What Is To Be Done? He signed the introduction to this book as
N Lenin - possibly his first use of the surname as a nom-de-plume and a way of avoiding the Tsarist secret police. Russian initials are strictly regulated and a reader would assume his first name was Nicolai. (My copy was published by Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1947 - reprinted 1978.) Among his first acts in London was to get a ticket for the reading room of the British Museum. This was in the name of
Jacob Richter. This was also the name by which he was known by his landlady in Holford Square. He and wife stayed there until May 1903.
When he returned for the month of August 1903 which saw the Bolshevik / Menshevik split, it's not known where he lived or what pseudonym he used. During his 1905 visit in April and May, he and his wife lived in rooms at 16 Percy Circus. I don't think there's a record of his pseudonym. He visited again, without his wife, in May 1907 and stayed at the Imperial Hotel in Russell Square.
In May 1908 he visited again. This was the visit that saw him stay at 21 (now 36) Tavistock Place. He applied for a reader's ticket for the British Museum again and signed his letter of application, dated 18th May,
Vl Oulianoff. It's "Vl" for Vladimir. While living in Tavistock Place he wrote
Materialism and Empirio-Criticism so mind-numbing a read that Progress Publishers stopped printing it and my copy is from Foreign Languages Publishing Press, Beijing - they've probably given up on it by now too.
His last visit was in November 1911. In a letter dated 10th November, he gave his address as 6 Oakley Square and signed it, again,
Vl Oulianoff.
If you're thinking, "Why don't we have a bike ride around the theme of Lenin in London?", it gets more complicated. The first-hand witnesses to the events, if they recorded any details, were more interested in recording who spoke, and who was on who's side in debates, than in recording the places where the debates happened or where the participants lived. Even the doyen of modern British historians of Lenin's life, Robert Service, makes mistakes. The author of
Lenin: a Political Life (3 vols, Macmillan, 1985, 1991, & 1995) and the one-volume
Lenin: a Biography (Macmillan, 2000) makes an error in giving the place of the 1903 Bolshevik / Menshevik split as the Brotherhood Church, Southgate. When he repeated this on Radio 4's Today programme on 29th August 2003 - the centenary of the birth of the Bolsheviks - I emailed him and he acknowledged this footnote was incorrect. It had allowed him to point out the irony that the birthplace of Bolshevism had been destroyed by its arch-enemy: the Brotherhood Church was a victim of Luftwaffe bombing in 1941.
The record of Lenin's visits to London from which all later writers take their information - and which they cite in footnotes - is a Communist Party pamphlet
Lenin in Britain published in 1970 to celebrate the centenary of Lenin's birth. The author was Andrew Rothstein. His father, Theodore Rothstein, was a Jewish exile from Russia who lived in London and who had befriended Lenin during the latter's visits. Lenin met the 13-year-old Andrew Rothstein on his 1911 visit.
The pamphlet brings us full circle to the ride on which I spoke about Lenin's linoleum. Here is a scan of the front of my copy of the pamphlet:
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and you may recognise the building in the old engraving - it's now the Marx Memorial Library on Clerkenwell Green where we stopped on
@dellzeqq's Christmas 2012 Windows & Death Ride.
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