There are so many things we all take for granted it's difficult to know where to even start, but agriculture, division of labour, writing, paper, money, banking, germ theory of disease, potable water, vaccines, & anaesthetics would all have to come very high on the list.
Beyond the basic welfare needs that these satisfy, others with a large effect on our modern lifestyle might be:
Education
Industrialised agriculture
Steam engine - enabled the production of mechanical power
Electromagnetism - enabled the production of electrical power
Transistor - enabled the processing of information
That's a bit of a biased list though, because I know little of chemistry & materials science, and their contributions to the production of synthetic materials.