No, that is an Urban Myth which probably started in the Middle Ages. All cultures have known the Earth is curved, as far back as we have records - certainly for the last 5,000 years. Every continent has mountains high enough to see that for yourself, quite apart from the deduction from ships' masts. Let us not forget that we could predict eclipses and comets 2,000 years before the Pyramids were built, and that wasn't learned overnight.
As to pedals, I just keep the threads clean and do them up firmly (but not muscle-bulgingly) with a long spanner. I have never had one come undone.