There is carbon and carbon, some frames / forks are better at absorbing vibrations than others, for example:
https://www.bianchi.com/bianchi-cv/ I imagine Spa's fork is a fairly basic carbon one, but that said carbon and steel in any form is better at soaking up vibrations than an aluminium fork.
Your 40 yr steel probably has quite a flexy and curved front fork which were good for damping vibrations, modern steel forks are made a bit stiffer. I think you are just experiencing a 40 year leap forward in manufacturer / consumer preference for slightly stiffer and therefore harsher frames / forks.
I think you're limited to 28mm tyres so cant do the extra tyre volume trick, but a double wrap of bar tape might help.