Thanks for posting that Paul, I'm going to get a 2nd hand copy to read.
Interesting that you say EPO was "green lighted". I didn't know that. I knew there was a period of time when it was used extensively without being specifically 'red lighted' but I must admit I'd assumed it was always a no-no, outed as performance enhancing or at least not in the spirit.
I think it's one of the most interesting and illuminating things in this excellent book. If I remember it all correctly (it is some time since I read it, but I did read it twice), the haematocrit level was set at below 50%. As haematocrit is naturally produced, there will be large discrepancies in individuals' levels so it was not easy to define a 'normal' level. It shows how a well-prepared rider will show up and can show up, is EXPECTED to show up on the start line of a major stage race with a haematocrit level up around the 45-48% mark and this can be naturally occurring. However, each day of hard riding will deplete the haematocrit level until by the end of week two, it will be around 30-35% with a naturally occurring drop off in performance. Once EPO came on the scene, the teams knew that they now had a way to 'repair' the decrease and provided the levels remained under the legal limit, they took it as a green light to administer it up to the required level.
So it was used on the riders but this had calamitous side effects. Young riders in Belgium and Holland, were dying in their sleep in alarmingly high numbers. The increase in EPO thickened the blood which could cause blockages and heart attacks when the pulse slowed down during sleep. The tour riders would have the EPO administered, some blood taken and centrifuged (it's funny how so many teams felt the need to travel with a centrifuge) so that the haematocrit level could be determined. If too high, lots of water and extra cycling training was prescribed and they were often woken during the night to train on static bikes set up in their rooms to prevent cardiac arrest occurring during too deep sleep. It was only the discovery of a test that could determine naturally occurring haematocrit from synthetic haematocrit that called a halt on the EPO injections.
So the book asks, since so many, many riders were caught using EPO and other illegal substances, how is it that Lance Armstrong, assisted by his totally discredited advisor, Michelle Ferrari, was so much better than them?