Another way you can measure the gradient of a hill is to make a very simple clinometer. All you would need is:
2 Bamboo canes of equal length.
1 Protractor, if possible one that you could possibly put a hole in the middle of, if not then mount some paper onto some card and draw around the protractor and mark off the angles.
1 piece of string.
1 something to put weight on the end of piece of string.
1 drinking straw.
1 nail or pin.
1 Roll of Sellotape.
1 Scientific calculator or you could use your computer.
1 Friend
First stick the drinking straw on to the flat edge of the protractor and then pin the protractor to the end of one of the bamboo canes. Ensure that the protractor can rotate freely. Tie your weight on to the end of the string to create a plumb line and then tie the plumb line to end of the pin or the same end as the protractor. Give the other bamboo cane to your friend and ask them to stand with it up or down the hill slightly. With the contraption you have just made rest it on the ground and sight the top of the cane your friend is holding. Make a note of the angle of the plumb line.
Take that angle away from 90 and enter this number into your calculator with this equation replacing *: 1/Tan(*)
This will give you the ratio 1 in what your answer was. To get the percentage you just divide 1 by your answer and multiply by 100.