I have the Conti tyres and have found them to be significantly quicker than any of the Marathon or M+ tyres. Probably one of the best bang-for-buck upgrades you can make. I used to swear by the M+ as I commute year-round and would favour puncture resistance over anything else, I then relented slightly and now I run the regular Marathons in the winter and the Contis in the summer. I was switching between the M+ and Conti, but last time I did, when I put the M+ back on it felt like pedaling through treacle.
Here's a list of the Schwalbe tyres and their relative protective ratings. taken from
THIS SITE
Marathon Racer, Marathon Winter, Kojak
Level of Puncture Protection: 4
RaceGuard double layer of Nylon fabric under the tread
Marathon
Level of Puncture Protection: 5
3 mm thick GreenGuard puncture protection layer
One
Level of Puncture Protection: 5
V-Guard puncture protection layer made from cut-resistant fabric
Marathon Plus
Level of Puncture Protection: 7 (highest)
5 mm thick SmartGuard puncture protection layer
The same article rates the Conti's puncture resistance as 'slightly less flat resistant' than the Marathon. But it is considerably lighter.
The next is the brakes. You could certainly upgrade those levers to make the bike stop like something from this century as opposed to about 1910.