Removable stays doesn't necessarily mean that the bike was designed with belt drive in mind. In fact I'm not aware of any carbon rear triangles in any belt driven bikes. Gates are very picky about granting licenses for their belt drives and they test the frames of any potential belt drive bike makers.
The OP's mate's bike could just be using one joining method out of several available e.g. bonding, gluing etc
Early carbon fibre frames were simply parallel or tapered tubes bonded/bolted onto alloy castings