^^^
Coaster brakes do work better than most other types of back brake but still don't have the stopping power of a front brake, and in an emergency you need as much stopping power as you can to stop the bike quickly. You can get mechanically similar hub brakes for front (and rear) wheels: similar low maintenance and powerful but not very progresssive, which might be why they are uncommon on front wheels. Coaster brakes are also annoying because you can't easily backpedal for a good push-off position after you come to a stop.
Coaster brakes were probably the best choice when wheels where chromed steel and so rim brakes were dangerously ineffective in the wet. In countries where bikes get a lot of hard use with little maintenance (developing countries and, er, university towns) wheels are often out-of-true so, again, coaster/hub brakes are popular
In the places you allude to, bikes are often used to haul cargo and so there would be enough weight over the back wheel to stop effectively, even without hauling on a front brake - "toy" bikes in the UK are unlikely to be carrying much more than the rider, in which case the front brake is more effective, which by definition cannot be a coaster brake.