The practical aspects are simple, but it needs some thought
Larger discs add more stress to the frame and that is what you need to consider
Practically
The discs attach to the wheels by bolts, undo the bolts, fit new disc and there you are
The brakes attach by a "mount" all you need is a different sized mount, again remove the old one and replace, realigning brakes to the new discs
Is that ^ actually true though? Presumably even small disks will have you over the bars if you overcook it, so you're not going to brake any harder, so stress is still the same maximum value. Larger discs will lose more heat, but that's a different thing. All this is based on my knowledge of physics / engineering, but not knowledge of bike brakes so I could well be wrong
I alwayss understood that the force applied was a funcyion of the distance from the pivot that the force was applied
Bigger discs mean more distance, hence the torque is greater
The point at which this is applied to the bike is the mounting point on the forks / frame
I remember buying a pair of Rock Shox many years ago and being told tha 160 mm was the maximum disc size