It's either the little sticky label type thing helps u set up align the derailleur height with the teeth on the big ring - if u look at it then it has marks on showing where the teeth on the big ring should sit.Once done peel the label off and throw it away. Otherwise it is a lump of red plastic with a little tab on it - that just needs to be taken out by pulling the cage forward a little and it will drop out - then throw it away.
Its used to position the FD without the chain so its parallel with the rings and the correct height from the large ring with the use of the chainring marker height the height is easy though as its 1-2mm but difficult to achieve without the lug. I would advise not throwing it away as its useful if your change the outer ring for a different size so you can reposition the FD
It's used to position the FD without tension in the gear cable (or even attached) so it's parallel with the rings and the correct height from the large ring. Likely the chain is passing through the cage at the fitting stage (but may not be).Its used to position the FD without the chain so its parallel with the rings and the correct height from the large ring