What you see in NL is the result of decades of work. There was war in the early years when car access was limited or restricted.
Population density helps a lot in terms of return on investment and practicality of using the bike for short trips.
The flip side is that cyclists are Policed just as well as drivers with regular controls and on the spot fines for no lights as an example.
The Political system too is more stable with less swinging from one side to another. Local government has a lot of power. Progress can be slow at times but it is consistent and thinking is relatively joined up.
The expression used to describe Dutch politics is "The Polder Model", basically governing by consensus and compromise. Rather than bash the opponent the focus is on promoting the advantages of "my" policy.
It may be slow and cumbersome at times but history proves that NL punches well above its weight in all kinds of areas.
The infrastructure that you see is just the tip of the iceberg of the process, so to speak